Advancements in Fetal Echocardiography: Detecting Congenital Heart Defects Before Birth

Introduction Fetal echocardiography has revolutionized prenatal care by enabling early detection of congenital heart defects (CHDs), the most common birth defects globally. Performed between 18–24 weeks of gestation, this non-invasive modality provides real-time imaging of the fetal heart, allowing timely interventions and optimized delivery planning.

Indications for Fetal Echocardiography

• Family history of CHD

• Abnormal findings on routine ultrasound

• Maternal conditions such as diabetes or lupus

• Increased nuchal translucency or chromosomal abnormalities

• Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
  

Imaging Techniques Advanced two-dimensional echocardiography remains the cornerstone. The three-vessel view, outflow tract evaluation, and Doppler studies provide detailed functional and anatomical assessment. Emerging technologies include 3D/4D echocardiography and fetal cardiac MRI for complex cases.

Commonly Detected Conditions

• Ventricular septal defects (VSDs)

• Tetralogy of Fallot

• Transposition of the great arteries

• Hypoplastic left heart syndromeEarly detection allows referral to tertiary care centers for planned interventions immediately after birth.
  

Clinical Impact Prenatal diagnosis significantly improves outcomes by reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality. It also facilitates parental counselling, delivery planning, and early surgical repair or catheter-based interventions.

Future Outlook Integration of AI-driven image analysis and tele-echocardiography promises wider access and earlier detection, especially in resource-limited settings. For more information on this topic or if you are looking for a diagnosis please reach out to info@masafoundation.in

Donate for free Child Cardiac Care for someone in need and make a difference. https://www.masafoundation.in/donate